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Etna's Summit craters
Northeast Crater (NE)
- Formed in 1911, the NE Crater has historically been one of Mount Etna's most active and is often the volcano's highest point.
- Known for its towering height and frequent emissions, it offers breathtaking vistas of Sicily and beyond.
Southeast Crater (SE)
- The youngest of the summit craters, the SE Crater first appeared in 1971 and has since grown rapidly due to continuous eruptive activity.
- Its paroxysmal eruptions often feature dramatic lava fountains and ash clouds, making it a dynamic and visually striking feature.
Voragine Crater
- Located at the center of the summit, Voragine (meaning "chasm") was formed in 1945.
- It frequently displays explosive activity and lava ejections, providing insight into the deep dynamics of Mount Etna.
Bocca Nuova Crater
- Translating to "New Mouth," Bocca Nuova opened in 1968 on the western side of the central summit area.
- This crater is notable for its expansive pit and sulfur-rich emissions, making it a fascinating site for visitors.
How to reach the summit
From South Etna
From North Etna
Starting point: Rifugio Sapienza (1,900m)
How to explore
- Take the cable car to 2,500 meters.
- From here, either continue via a 4x4 vehicle to 2,900 meters and trek the final distance to the Summit craters at 3,329 meters or take a guided trek for a more immersive journey.
What to see
- Silvestri Craters: Easily accessible near Rifugio Sapienza, these craters formed during the 1892 eruption and offer breathtaking views.
- Valle del Bove: A striking depression with ancient lava flows visible from the ascent.
- Barbagallo Craters: Located at 2,900 meters, these craters formed during the 2002–2003 eruptions.
Starting point: Piano Provenzana (1,800m)
How to explore
- Take a 4x4 tour directly to approximately 2,800 meters.
- Hike the final stretch to the summit craters with a certified guide.
What to see
- 2002 eruption craters: A dramatic area showcasing the aftermath of a powerful eruption.
- Lava caves: Explore natural tunnels formed by ancient lava flows.
- Northeast Crater: The highest point of the volcano on the North Route, with expansive views of the Aeolian Islands.
Which summit tour is best for you?
Cable Car + 4x4 to the Summit
Difficulty level: Easy
Best suited for: Families, casual explorers, and those seeking ease and convenience
- Begin with a cable car ride to 2,500m, followed by a 4x4 transfer to altitudes of 2,900–3,000m.
- Perfect for enjoying panoramic views and exploring volcanic features with minimal physical effort.
Recommended tour
- Mount Etna Cable Car Tickets & 4x4 Summit Tour
Trek to the Summit craters
Difficulty level: Challenging
Best suited for: Adventure seekers and experienced hikers
- Embark on a guided trek starting at higher altitudes (accessible via cable car or 4x4), reaching the summit craters at 3,300m.
- Offers a more immersive experience, with up-close views of steaming vents, recent lava flows, and dramatic volcanic landscapes.
Recommended tour
- Mount Etna Summit Crater Hiking Tour
Which summit experience is best for you?
Feature
Summit access with trek
Summit access with cable car & 4x4
Altitude
2,900m
3,000m
Physical effort
High – requires a guided trek to reach the summit
Low – minimal walking required
Views
Up-close views of active craters and vents
Panoramic vistas of volcanic landscapes and coast
Best suited for
Hikers, adventure seekers, and geology enthusiasts
Families, first-time visitors, and casual travelers
Accessibility
Requires good fitness
Suitable for all fitness levels
Frequently asked questions about Mount Etna summit tours
Can I hike to the Mount Etna summit on my own?
No, hiking to the summit craters of Mount Etna (3,300 meters) requires a certified guide by law. This rule ensures safety due to potential volcanic activity and challenging terrain.
What is the best way to reach the summit?
Most visitors start from the south side at Rifugio Sapienza. From there, you can take a cable car to 2,500 meters, followed by a 4x4 bus to 2,900 meters. The final ascent to the summit involves guided trekking through volcanic landscapes. On the north side, a jeep ride to 2,825 meters reduces hiking distance, but there's no cable car available.
How challenging is the hike to Mount Etna’s summit?
The hike is moderately challenging, involving uneven terrain and slippery volcanic ash. It takes about 5-6 hours round trip. Good physical fitness is recommended.
Is the summit accessible year-round?
Access to the summit craters can be restricted due to volcanic activity, weather conditions, or safety concerns. In winter, snow and ice make climbing more demanding, requiring specialized equipment like crampons.
Are there age or health restrictions for summit treks?
Yes, summit treks are not suitable for children under 10, pregnant women, or individuals with heart conditions, respiratory issues, or vertigo.
What should I bring for the hike?
Essentials include sturdy hiking boots, warm clothing (even in summer), sunscreen, water, snacks, and a backpack. Additional gear like jackets, gloves, and hats is necessary in winter.
Can I see Mount Etna without reaching the summit?
Absolutely! The lower slopes have a lot to offer, including lava caves, extinct craters, and birch forests. These areas are accessible without a guide, providing a more relaxed experience.
What’s the best time to visit Mount Etna?
The ideal months are April to October, when conditions are milder. Early mornings are best for avoiding crowds and enjoying clear views. In winter, the summit trek transforms into a snow-covered adventure.
What facilities are available at the starting point?
Rifugio Sapienza, the primary base, features cafes, restaurants, and restrooms. It’s the last point for such amenities before starting your ascent. The trek to the summit typically takes around 6 hours round trip.